Spring Boot Crud 操作示例与 Hibernate

Spring Boot Crud 操作示例与 Hibernate

原文: https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-boot2/spring-boot-crud-hibernate/

学习在 spring boot 应用程序中为 CURD 操作创建 api / 方法,该应用程序使用 Hibernate / jpa 持久性 api 修改数据库中的数据。

1. 概述

在此示例中,我们将创建原始操作并通过 REST API 公开它们,以便 UI 客户端可以调用这些操作。 演示操作使客户端能够修改数据库中的员工记录。

该演示的目的是展示使这些交互成为可能的细节,而不涉及现实应用中涉及的业务逻辑的复杂性。

2. Maven 依赖

在此示例中,我们使用 maven 在项目中添加运行时 jar。 如果您使用 gradle,请查找相关的依赖项。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
    http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBoot2Demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringBoot2Demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

  • spring-boot-starter-web:用于使用 Spring MVC 构建 Web 层,包括 REST API 和应用程序。 使用 Tomcat 作为默认的嵌入式容器。
  • spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:它包括 spring 数据,hibernate,HikariCP,JPA APIJPA 实现(默认为 Hibernate),JDBC 和其他必需的库。
  • h2:尽管我们可以使用application.properties文件中的数据源属性轻松添加任何数据库,但我们仍在使用 h2 数据库来减少不必要的复杂性。
  • spring-boot-starter-test:用于通过包含 JUnit,Hamcrest 和 Mockito 的库来测试 Spring Boot 应用程序。

3. Hibernate 配置

3.1. 实体和存储库

使用数据库中数据的第一步是在 JPA 实体类中对其结构建模,并为其创建存储库接口。

尽可能扩展JpaRepository接口,以允许在运行时为任何给定的实体类自动创建存储库实现。 实体类别的类型及其 ID 字段在JpaRepository的通用参数中指定。

请记住,仅包含 JPA API 注解(javax.persistence.*)可使 Hibernate 与应用程序代码脱钩。

EmployeeEntity.java

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="TBL_EMPLOYEES")
public class EmployeeEntity {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    @Column(name="first_name")
    private String firstName;

    @Column(name="last_name")
    private String lastName;

    @Column(name="email", nullable=false, length=200)
    private String email;

    //Setters and getters

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EmployeeEntity [id=" + id + ", firstName=" + firstName + 
                ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email   + "]";
    }
}

EmployeeRepository.java

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.howtodoinjava.demo.entity.EmployeeEntity;

@Repository
public interface EmployeeRepository 
        extends JpaRepository<EmployeeEntity, Long> {

}

3.2. 数据源配置

要连接到数据库,我们必须配置数据源。 我们正在使用 H2 数据库,因此将使用各自的属性。

另外,我们使用了几个其他属性来启用 H2 控制台和大量日志记录。

application.properties

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:file:~/test
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

# Enabling H2 Console
spring.h2.console.enabled=true

# Custom H2 Console URL
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console

# create database schema from SQL files
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none

#Turn Statistics on and log SQL stmts
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics=false
#logging.level.org.hibernate.type=trace
#logging.level.org.hibernate.stat=debug

logging.pattern.console=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - %msg%n

4. 服务(使用存储库)

服务层是可选的 – 仍然建议执行其他业务逻辑(如果有)。 通常,我们将在此处与存储库连接以进行原始操作。

EmployeeService.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.howtodoinjava.demo.entity.EmployeeEntity;
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.exception.RecordNotFoundException;
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.repository.EmployeeRepository;

@Service
public class EmployeeService {

    @Autowired
    EmployeeRepository repository;

    public List<EmployeeEntity> getAllEmployees()
    {
        List<EmployeeEntity> employeeList = repository.findAll();

        if(employeeList.size() > 0) {
            return employeeList;
        } else {
            return new ArrayList<EmployeeEntity>();
        }
    }

    public EmployeeEntity getEmployeeById(Long id) throws RecordNotFoundException 
    {
        Optional<EmployeeEntity> employee = repository.findById(id);

        if(employee.isPresent()) {
            return employee.get();
        } else {
            throw new RecordNotFoundException("No employee record exist for given id");
        }
    }

    public EmployeeEntity createOrUpdateEmployee(EmployeeEntity entity) throws RecordNotFoundException 
    {
        Optional<EmployeeEntity> employee = repository.findById(entity.getId());

        if(employee.isPresent()) 
        {
            EmployeeEntity newEntity = employee.get();
            newEntity.setEmail(entity.getEmail());
            newEntity.setFirstName(entity.getFirstName());
            newEntity.setLastName(entity.getLastName());

            newEntity = repository.save(newEntity);

            return newEntity;
        } else {
            entity = repository.save(entity);

            return entity;
        }
    } 

    public void deleteEmployeeById(Long id) throws RecordNotFoundException 
    {
        Optional<EmployeeEntity> employee = repository.findById(id);

        if(employee.isPresent()) 
        {
            repository.deleteById(id);
        } else {
            throw new RecordNotFoundException("No employee record exist for given id");
        }
    } 
}

5. REST 控制器

最后,通过 MVC URL 或 REST 端点公开所有操作。 客户将与这些端点连接以获取/更新/删除员工记录。

请注意注解@RestController@RequestMapping@GetMapping@PostMapping@DeleteMapping,它们将各种 URI 映射到控制器方法。

EmployeeController.java

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.howtodoinjava.demo.entity.EmployeeEntity;
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.exception.RecordNotFoundException;
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.service.EmployeeService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/employees")
public class EmployeeController 
{
    @Autowired
    EmployeeService service;

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<List<EmployeeEntity>> getAllEmployees() {
        List<EmployeeEntity> list = service.getAllEmployees();

        return new ResponseEntity<List<EmployeeEntity>>(list, new HttpHeaders(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<EmployeeEntity> getEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) 
                                                    throws RecordNotFoundException {
        EmployeeEntity entity = service.getEmployeeById(id);

        return new ResponseEntity<EmployeeEntity>(entity, new HttpHeaders(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<EmployeeEntity> createOrUpdateEmployee(EmployeeEntity employee)
                                                    throws RecordNotFoundException {
        EmployeeEntity updated = service.createOrUpdateEmployee(employee);
        return new ResponseEntity<EmployeeEntity>(updated, new HttpHeaders(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public HttpStatus deleteEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) 
                                                    throws RecordNotFoundException {
        service.deleteEmployeeById(id);
        return HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN;
    }

}

6. Spring Boot Crud 操作演示

现在,完成编码部分后,启动 spring boot 应用程序。 它将与 H2 数据库控制台一起使用所有 URL 端点。

  • HTTP GET http://localhost:8080/employees

    Console

    Hibernate: 
        select
            employeeen0_.id as id1_0_,
            employeeen0_.email as email2_0_,
            employeeen0_.first_name as first_na3_0_,
            employeeen0_.last_name as last_nam4_0_ 
        from
            tbl_employees employeeen0_
    
    

    API Response

    [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "firstName": "Lokesh",
            "lastName": "Gupta",
            "email": "abc@gmail.com"
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "firstName": "Deja",
            "lastName": "Vu",
            "email": "xyz@email.com"
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "firstName": "Caption",
            "lastName": "America",
            "email": "cap@marvel.com"
        }
    ]
    
    
  • HTTP GET http://localhost:8080/employees/2

    Console

    Hibernate: 
        select
            employeeen0_.id as id1_0_0_,
            employeeen0_.email as email2_0_0_,
            employeeen0_.first_name as first_na3_0_0_,
            employeeen0_.last_name as last_nam4_0_0_ 
        from
            tbl_employees employeeen0_ 
        where
            employeeen0_.id=?
    
    

    API Response

    {
        "id": 2,
        "firstName": "Deja",
        "lastName": "Vu",
        "email": "xyz@email.com"
    }
    
    

在有关在具有 JPA Hibernate来管理后端数据更新的 Spring Boot 应用程序中创建和公开 CRUD 操作的注解中,向您提问。

学习愉快!

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